1 | #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
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2 | #include <Wire.h>
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3 |
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4 | LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display. ACHTUNG: Adresse kann auch 0x3F sein !!!
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5 |
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6 | // Anschlüsse:
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7 | // GND - GND
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8 | // VCC - 5V
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9 | // SDA - ANALOG Pin 4
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10 | // SCL - ANALOG pin 5
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11 |
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12 | unsigned long time_start;
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13 | unsigned long time_end;
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14 | unsigned long time;
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15 |
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16 | int PD_start; // value of the start-PD
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17 | int PD_end; // value of the end-PD
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18 | int Werte[100];
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19 | long start;
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20 | int i;
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21 |
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22 | float velocity; // velocity of the projectile
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23 | float multiplier; // multiplier of the PD-value to start or finish the measurement
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24 | float distance; // distance between the two PDs
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25 |
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26 | // settings for faster analogread:
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27 |
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28 | // ADPS2 ADPS1 ADPS0 Division factor
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29 | // 0 0 0 1 nicht schneller als 2
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30 | // 0 0 1 2
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31 | // 0 1 0 4
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32 | // 0 1 1 8
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33 | // 1 0 0 16
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34 | // 1 0 1 32
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35 | // 1 1 0 64
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36 | // 1 1 1 128 (Standard)
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37 |
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38 |
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39 |
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40 | #define FASTADC 1
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41 |
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42 | // defines for setting and clearing register bits
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43 | #ifndef cbi
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44 | #define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit))
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45 | #endif
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46 | #ifndef sbi
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47 | #define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))
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48 | #endif
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49 |
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50 |
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51 |
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52 | // ===========================
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53 | // ======= SETUP =========
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54 | // ===========================
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55 |
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56 | void setup()
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57 | {
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58 | Serial.begin(9600);
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59 |
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60 | #if FASTADC
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61 |
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62 | /*
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63 | // set prescale to 128
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64 |
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65 | sbi(ADCSRA,ADPS2) ; // ADPS2 auf 1 gesetzt
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66 | sbi(ADCSRA,ADPS1) ; // ADPS1 auf 1 gesetzt
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67 | sbi(ADCSRA,ADPS0) ; // ADPS0 auf 1 gesetzt
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68 | */
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69 |
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70 | // set prescale to 2
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71 |
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72 | cbi(ADCSRA,ADPS2) ; // ADPS2 auf 0 gesetzt
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73 | cbi(ADCSRA,ADPS1) ; // ADPS1 auf 0 gesetzt
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74 | sbi(ADCSRA,ADPS0) ; // ADPS0 auf 1 gesetzt
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75 |
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76 |
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77 | #endif
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78 |
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79 | lcd.begin(); // initialize the lcd
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80 | lcd.backlight();
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81 | lcd.setCursor(0,0);
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82 | lcd.print("Geschwindigkeits");
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83 | lcd.setCursor(0,1);
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84 | lcd.print("messer");
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85 |
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86 | delay(3000);
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87 |
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88 | lcd.setCursor(0,0);
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89 | lcd.print(" ");
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90 | lcd.setCursor(0,1);
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91 | lcd.print(" ");
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92 |
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93 |
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94 | multiplier = 0.95; // the LDR-values have to be 5% lower than the values without projectile to start and finish the measurement
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95 |
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96 | distance = 0.20; // distance in meters between the two LDRs
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97 |
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98 | PD_start = analogRead(A0); // measuring the brightness of the starting-PD without projectile
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99 | delay(20);
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100 | PD_end = analogRead(A1); // measuring the brightness of the ending-PD without projectile
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101 | delay(20);
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102 |
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103 | Serial.print("PD-start: ");
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104 | Serial.print(PD_start);
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105 | Serial.print(" , PD-end: ");
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106 | Serial.println(PD_end);
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107 |
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108 | lcd.setCursor(0,0);
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109 | lcd.print("PD1: ");
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110 | lcd.print(PD_start);
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111 | lcd.setCursor(0,1);
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112 | lcd.print("PD2: ");
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113 | lcd.print(PD_end);
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114 |
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115 | delay(6000);
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116 |
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117 | lcd.setCursor(0,0);
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118 | lcd.print("ready for shoot");
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119 | lcd.setCursor(0,1);
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120 | lcd.print("... ");
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121 |
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122 | delay(4000);
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123 |
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124 | lcd.setCursor(0,0);
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125 | lcd.print(" ");
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126 | lcd.setCursor(0,1);
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127 | lcd.print(" ");
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128 | }
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129 |
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130 |
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131 |
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132 | // ===========================
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133 | // ======= LOOP =========
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134 | // ===========================
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135 |
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136 | void loop()
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137 | {
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138 |
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139 | while(analogRead(A0) > PD_start * multiplier)
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140 | {
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141 | // waiting for the projectile
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142 | }
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143 |
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144 | time_start = micros(); // start-time in µs
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145 |
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146 | while(analogRead(A1) > PD_end * multiplier)
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147 | {
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148 | // waiting for the projectile
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149 | }
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150 |
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151 | time_end = micros(); // end-time in µs
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152 |
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153 | time = time_end - time_start; // flight-time in µs
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154 |
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155 |
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156 | //time = 123456;
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157 |
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158 | Serial.print("Time: ");
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159 | Serial.println(time);
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160 |
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161 | velocity = distance * 1000000 / time; // velocity of the projectile in m/s
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162 |
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163 | lcd.setCursor(0,0);
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164 | lcd.print(" ");
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165 | lcd.setCursor(0,1);
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166 | lcd.print(" ");
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167 |
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168 | lcd.setCursor(0,0);
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169 | lcd.print("t = ");
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170 | lcd.setCursor(4,0);
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171 | lcd.print(time);
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172 | lcd.print(" us");
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173 |
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174 | lcd.setCursor(0,1);
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175 | lcd.print("v = ");
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176 | lcd.setCursor(4,1);
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177 | lcd.print(velocity, 2);
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178 | lcd.print(" m/s");
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179 |
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180 | //delay(1000);
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181 |
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182 | /*
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183 | // test for fast-analogread
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184 |
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185 | Serial.print("ADCTEST: ") ;
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186 |
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187 | start = micros();
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188 |
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189 | for (i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i++)
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190 | Werte[i] = analogRead(A0);
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191 |
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192 | //delay(16);
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193 | Serial.print(micros() - start);
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194 | Serial.println(" microsec (100 calls)") ;
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195 | */
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196 |
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197 | }
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